• اقتصاد سیاسی انرژی به ویژه در حوزه خلیج فارس
Mohammad Mahdi Najafi; Abbas Memarnejad
Abstract
Among the most important indicators that depend on political-economic-social stability is inflation control; because people's activism has a high tendency towards the stability of inflation; Therefore, gaining political power in societies depends on providing a program to control inflation. The ...
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Among the most important indicators that depend on political-economic-social stability is inflation control; because people's activism has a high tendency towards the stability of inflation; Therefore, gaining political power in societies depends on providing a program to control inflation. The increase in the high inflation rate is associated with macroeconomic instability, increased welfare, unfair distribution of wealth, and a decrease in household purchasing power. Monetarist considers excessive growth of money volume, excess demand in the commodity market, some cost pressure and increase in the price of production inputs, and institutionalists consider structural factors and bottlenecks in various economic and commercial sectors to be the main cause of inflation. Therefore, knowing the factors affecting inflation and providing a solution to control and reduce inflation can lead to socio-economic justice. The components of good governance can also lead to the reduction of inflation through the channel of increasing productivity and improving institutional quality and increasing the effectiveness of monetary and financial policies. This research aims to investigate the factors influencing inflation with an emphasis on good governance in oil exporting countries using the generalized moment method (GMM) in the time period (2011-2021). The obtained results indicate that the inflation break, the difference between GDP growth and liquidity growth had a positive effect and good governance had a negative effect on the inflation rate.
• سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
Abbas Memarnejad; sheyda Nematollahi Sarvestani; Teimor Mohammadi
Abstract
The implementation of the mechanism of carbon border adjustments or carbon tariffs as a tool to deal with carbon leakage and reducing the competitiveness of production, was implemented by the European Union in October 2023 under the transitional phase and it will be implemented under the definitive phase ...
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The implementation of the mechanism of carbon border adjustments or carbon tariffs as a tool to deal with carbon leakage and reducing the competitiveness of production, was implemented by the European Union in October 2023 under the transitional phase and it will be implemented under the definitive phase from January 2026. Some countries, including the United States of America and Japan, have also predicted similar policies. This is while developing and developed countries have committed to take measures to combat climate change and reduce carbon emissions based on the Paris Agreement. This shows the concern of countries applying carbon tariffs because of carbon leakage even after the creation of the Paris Agreement. Considering that the European Union has announced that it will first apply carbon tariffs to energy industries, this study uses the GTAP-E model to investigate the change in the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in Iran's industries as a result of the imposing of carbon tariffs by the European Union, the Japan, the United States of America and all regions on Iran's energy intensive industries. The statistical of the research includes 141 regions and 65 section in the GTAP10 data base that published in 2019. The estimation of the model shows that under all four scenarios, the amount of production and carbon dioxide emissions will decrease in the energy-intensive industries sector and the entire industries of Iran.
Taha Shishegari; Abbas Memarnejad; Farhad Ghaffari; Seyed Shamseddin Hosseini
Abstract
There have been many studies on economic sanctions and the effectiveness of these sanctions. In these studies, the sanction variable treats as one or two dummy variables (binary), to indicate at most four levels (no sanctions-mild sanctions-severe sanctions-comprehensive sanctions). Studying the effectiveness ...
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There have been many studies on economic sanctions and the effectiveness of these sanctions. In these studies, the sanction variable treats as one or two dummy variables (binary), to indicate at most four levels (no sanctions-mild sanctions-severe sanctions-comprehensive sanctions). Studying the effectiveness of economic sanctions requires recognizing the extent and severity of sanctions in various sectors, so it is not possible to examine the effectiveness of sanctions and any review of economic sanctions independent of the severity and extent of sanctions. To this end, in this article, we present the severity of sanctions imposed on the energy sector to a variable between zero to five to provide a better indicator to understand the pressure of economic sanctions imposed on the energy sector of Iran. We examine the effectiveness of sanctions by entering the sanctions severity variable on Iran's foreign trade with five major trading partners, including Germany, China, India, United Arab Emirates, and Turkey, based on the gravity equation through an interactive dummy variable method. We tried to present all the sanctions imposed on Iran's energy sector, between 1992 and 2018. The results show a significant and negative effect of the intensity of energy sector sanctions on Iran's foreign trade. China and UAE have the lowest response to sanctions on Iran’s Energy sector. Also, the highest reduction of trade with Iran due to energy sector sanctions is dedicated to India and Germany.
